1. A more turbulent boundary layer , in turn, delays the local flow separation. 2. This observation is also valid for the case of a turbulent boundary layer . 3. Conducted the seminal experiments that detailed the fluid compliant surface interactions in turbulent boundary layers . 4. However, the turbulent boundary layer will have higher viscous loss compares to the laminar one. 5. Aeroplane wings are often engineered with vortex generators on the upper surface to produce a turbulent boundary layer . 6. The turbulent boundary layer separating later is similar to the effect produced by dimples in a golf ball. 7. The fuller velocity profile of the turbulent boundary layer allows it to sustain the adverse pressure gradient without separating. 8. The treatment of turbulent boundary layers is far more difficult due to the time-dependent variation of the flow properties. 9. Applying this technique to the boundary layer equations gives the full turbulent boundary layer equations not often given in literature: 10. Turbulent boundary layers tend to be able to sustain an adverse pressure gradient better than an equivalent laminar boundary layer.
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